1. Review Process

For manuscripts that are successfully submitted to the journal, the managing editors conduct a preliminary review of manuscripts that fall within their areas of expertise. This review includes an initial assessment of whether the manuscript meets the journal's aims, adheres to the required formatting guidelines, and contains all necessary components. The editors objectively evaluate the content, viewpoints, and presentation of the manuscript and provide specific preliminary review comments.

Once the manuscript passes the preliminary review, it is sent to two independent experts in the relevant research field for peer review. The journal follows a double-blind peer review process. The reviewers objectively assess the innovation, academic value, practical significance, and readability of the manuscript, and then provide specific review comments and indicate whether the manuscript is suitable for publication.

For manuscripts requiring revisions after peer review, the authors must revise the manuscript according to the reviewers' comments and provide a point-by-point response. The revised manuscript is then resubmitted for another round of peer review. This process repeats until the reviewers and editors are satisfied with the manuscript or it is rejected.

Finally, the Editor-in-Chief conducts a final review of the manuscript to ensure that it meets political, academic, linguistic, and writing standards. The Editor-in-Chief makes the final acceptance decision and is responsible for the overall content of the journal.

The review process described above applies to all submissions to the journal, including those for special issues. Manuscripts submitted for special issues undergo the same review process as other manuscripts, with the final decision on acceptance made by the Editor-in-Chief.

2. Review for In-house Submissions

Submissions from the journal's editorial board members, editors, and reviewers are also subject to the journal's full review process. The peer review will be conducted independently of the submitting editorial board member, editor, reviewer, or their research groups. In addition, editorial board members, editors, and reviewers may not participate in the review of manuscripts written by themselves, their families, colleagues, or other authors with whom they have a conflict of interest.

3. Author Appeals

For authors who disagree with the review outcome of their manuscript, they may submit a written appeal to the editorial department. The appeal must include detailed explanations and responses to each of the reviewers' comments and should be sent to the journal's official email address (shxbok@163.com). Upon receiving the appeal, the editorial department will review it promptly and communicate the outcome to the author. Please note that typically only one appeal per manuscript is accepted.

4. Academic Misconduct Detection & Handling

The journal uses the "Academic Misconduct Literature Check (AMLC)" system of China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) to conduct plagiarism detection for all submissions. Any form of academic misconduct, including multiple submissions and plagiarism, is strictly prohibited. If any misconduct is identified in a submission, the editorial department will immediately reject the manuscript. Furthermore, if academic misconduct is discovered after publication, the editorial department will retract the article.

5. Corrections & Retractions

Corrections or retractions of officially published articles will be made by the journal when necessary:

(1) Correction: If a published article is found to have unintentional scientific errors that do not significantly affect the results and conclusions of the article, the editorial department will promptly publish a correction notice in the journal. This notice will detail the changes made to the original article and will cite the source of the article. A new version of the article with corrections will be published, detailing the changes made to the original article and indicating the date of the update. When citing, please refer to the most recent version of the article.

(2) Retraction: For articles that have been formally published, if serious scientific errors are discovered that render the results and conclusions unreliable, the editorial department will proceed with a retraction. In addition, if a published article is reported for academic misconduct, the editorial department will initiate an investigation. Once the investigation is complete, the results will be made public. If it is confirmed that the article involved misconduct, the editorial department will retract it. Any resulting consequences are the sole responsibility of the authors to address and resolve.