Aimed at the features of various system errors in vision measuring system, the paper proposed a comprehensive system calibration method based on linear imaging characteristics with measurement accuracy, According to the extraction of parallel linear edges of 1 grade gauge blocks, the original correspondence between the space point positions and the image point positions of the edges is built.Using the ideal linear features of gauge block edges, comprehensive calibration of measurement system is carried out through statistical calculation, and a two-parameter second-order polynomial which describes the corresponding relation between the space point positions and the image point positions is established.Adopting the general engineering gauge block as the calibration tool, the calibration method is simple to operate and is easy to realize and has good versatility.It can comprehensively correct all kinds of system errors such as the optical distortion, the perspective error, the sensor position error and location error of edge detection algorithm.Bythe calibration method, multiple measurement experiments of different azimuth gauge blocks in the field show that the precision of the measurement system can reach.