To address the problems of low resource utilization,high costs and high carbon emissions of traditional single delivery tools,a joint delivery routing problem for electric vehicles and drones with a two-tier system was proposed. It considered factors such as energy consumption and carbon emissions of vehicles and drones during different delivery stages. A mixed-integer linear programming model was established, aiming to minimize the sum of fixed costs, energy consumption costs, and carbon emission costs, subject to constraints including customer time windows, vehicle and drone capacities, and battery capacities. Based on this model, a hybrid genetic algorithm was designed. Initially, an initial population was generated according to a greedy rule, and the destruction and repair concept from large-scale neighborhood search was integrated with the genetic algorithm for solving. The experimental results verify that this hybrid algorithm can effectively solve the 2E-VRPD problem, optimize delivery routes, improve vehicle-drone collaborative delivery efficiency, and reduce delivery costs.
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